Basic Computer

🔀 Basic Computer-

⧫ What is Computers :

     A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, recover, and process data.

    Input data ➤ Processing ➤ Output data .  

Input, Processing, Output-rahman academy20

⧫  History of Computers :

    (a) 1822 and 1834 ➤ Charles Babbage ➤The first mechanical computer.

    (b) 1840 ➤ Augusta Ada Byron ➤ use the binary system & She writes programs for the Analytical Engine

   (c) 1843 ➤ Per Georg Scheutz ➤The first printing calculator machine (Based on Charles Babbage's difference engine)

    (d) 1890 ➤ Herman Hollerith ➤ Tabulating Machine

    (e) 1943 ➤ Howard H. Aiken ➤ Havard Mark 1 (The first electro mechanical computer) IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC).

    (f) 1936 to 1938 ➤ Konrad Zuse ➤ The first programmable computer(Z1).

   (g) 1939 and 1942 ➤ Professor John Atanasoff ➤ The first electronic digital computing device (Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC))

    (h) 1946 ➤ John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchl ➤ The first electronic general purpose computer (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC))

    (i) J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly ➤ The first commercial computer (UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1 (UNIVAC I))

    (j) 1952 ➤ Von Neumann ➤ The First Stored Program Computer (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer(EDVAC))

    (k) 1981 ➤ The Osborne Computer Corporation ➤ The First Portable Computer (Osborne 1)

⧫ Generation of computers :

      1940 – 1956:  1^st Generation – Vacuum Tubes

      1956 – 1963: 2^nd Generation – Transistors

      1964 – 1971: 3^rd Generation – Integrated Circuits

      1972 – 2010: 4^th Generation – Microprocessors

      2010 -  : 5^th  Generation – Artificial Intelligence

⧫ Various uses of Computers:

          (a) Education

          (b) Health and Medicine

          (c) Financial Institutions

          (d) Business and Corporate Stages

          (e) E-Commerce and Many more sector ........

⧫ Kinds of Computer:

 The 04(four) basic types of computers -

(a) Super Computer- The most powerful computers in performance and data processing. For Example- like NASA uses supercomputers for launching space shuttles, controlling and space exploration purpose. The most powerful Super Computers in the world. Like-

1. Tianhe - 2, China

Tianhe-2 China-rahman academy20

2. Titan, Cray Inc.

United States

Titan-rahman academy20

 
 3. Sequoia, IBM.

United States

Sequoia, IBM-rahman academy20

 4. k Computer, Fujitsu,

Japan

K Computer-rahman academy20

 5. Mira, IBM,

United States

Mira, IBM-rahman academy20

 (b) Mainframe Computer - Mainframes are not as powerful as supercomputers, but certainly they are quite expensive and many large firms & government organizations uses Mainframes to run their business operations. Banks educational institutions & insurance companies use mainframe computers to store data about their customers, students & insurance policy holders. Popular Mainframe computers for Example – (1) Fujitsu’s ICL VME (2) Hitachi’s Z80

(c) Mini Computer- Minicomputers are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are also called as “Midrange Computers”. For example- A production department can use Mini-computers for monitoring certain production process. Popular Minicomputers - (1) K-202, (2)Texas Instrument TI-990, (3) SDS-92, (4) IBM Midrange computers.

(d) Micro Computer- Desktop computers, laptops, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablets & Smartphone's are all types of microcomputers. The micro-computers are widely used & the fastest growing computers. The Micro-computers are specially designed for general usage like entertainment, education and work purposes. Well known manufacturers of Micro-computer are Dell, Apple, Samsung, Sony , Toshiba, Lenovo & many more. 

 ⧫ Structure of Computers: The main structural elements associated with a computer system are as follows:

(a) Central Processing Unit (CPU) - data processing and control

(b) Main Memory (primary storage) - stores data

(c) Secondary Storage - stores permanent data

(d) Input and Output (I/O) devices - moves data between the computer and its external environment.

 Input Device-         Keyboard, Mouse, Microphone etc.

Output Device-     Monitor, Printer, Speaker etc.

(e) System interconnection - provides mechanism for communication among various components

 

Structure of computer-rahman academy20

⧫ Hardware & Software:

          Hardware- Computer hardware are the physical parts or components of a computer, such as the central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphic card, sound card and motherboard.

          Software- Computer software, on the other hand, is not something you can touch. Software is a set of instructions for a computer to perform specific operations.       You need both hardware and software for a computer system to work. Exe- windows, bijoy52, office 2007 etc.

Software, Heardware-rahman academy20

⧫Maintenance of Computers:

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†hgb- %temp%, temp, tree, recent. GQvovI Disk Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter Pvjy K‡i Kw¤úDUvi †K dv÷ Kiv hvq| 

⧫ Devices of Personal Computer:

The common components of a desktop PC are:

Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Hard Disk Drive, Floppy disk drive, CD/DVD drive, Speakers,

⧫ How to Start Computer

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              (check & Connect all electrical plugs, computers cable)

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            (Press power switch button)

(M) wPÎ mv`„k t Kw¤úDUv‡ii ÷vU©/myBP †evZvg Pvcyb

    

Switch button-rahman academy20

⧫  How to Close Computer

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(L) Kw¤úDUvi eÜ Kivi wbqg t Click Start Button ➤ Click shut down/Turn Off.

(M) Restart : cybivq Kw¤úDUvi Pvjy Kivi Rb¨ Restart Button G wK¬K Ki‡Z nq|

   wPÎ †`Lyb 

Start, Close-rahman academy20

⧫  How to Open Office Programs:

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(L) ‡cÖvMÖvg ivb/Pvjy Kivi wbqgt Click Start Button ➤ Click All programs ➤ Click Microsoft Office ➤ Click Any Programs (As you Like) –

                                      ➧ Microsoft Word :

                                      ➧ Microsoft Excel :

                                      ➧ Microsoft PowerPoint:

⧫  Basic Knowledge of Microsoft Word:

          What is Microsoft Word?

          Microsoft Word is a word processing program. It is developed by Microsoft Corporation of USA. It’s Provides to us Word Processing, Printing, Compose, Drawing, Art etc.  

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              m¤úv`b Kiv hvq|

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          5| Ab¨vb¨ †cÖvMÖvg Gi KvR‡K mnRfv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ ‡h WKz‡g›Um‡K

              e¨envi Dc‡hvMx Kivi Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq|

⧫ How to Open & Close Microsoft Word :

Microsoft word open : gvB‡µvmd&&U IqvW© ‡h †Kvb KvR m¤úv`b Kivi Rb¨ IqvW© †cÖvMÖvgwU I‡cb K‡i KvR Ki‡Z nq|

            Click Start Button ➤ Click All programs ➤ Click Microsoft Office ➤ Click Microsoft Word.

Microsoft word Close : gvB‡µvmd&&U IqvW© G KvR Kivi ci mg¯Í KvR¸‡jv Save/msiÿY Kivi ci IqvW© ‡cÖvMÖvgwU eÜ Ki‡Z nq|

          Click Office Button ➤ Click Close ➤Click Office Button ➤Click Exit Word